To pick a plot structure or to discover as you go — that is not the question of this blog, but it can be for many writers.
Structure can appear like a rather intimidating part of writing. There are tens of different structures out there and some that are pushed heavily by the internet cough cough, W plot, 4-act structure.
Each structure has strengths and weaknesses that can influence how your story plays out. And if you’re struggling to find a structure that works for your story, then you’re at the right place.
Here are nine of the most common and well loved structures to consider, along with famous books that used them.
Linear Plot Structure:
The linear plot structure follows a straightforward chronological sequence of events, from beginning to end. Major elements include:
- Introduction: Introducing characters, setting, and initial conflict.
- Rising Action: Escalating tension and conflict.
- Climax: The highest point of tension or the turning point of the story.
- Falling Action: Resolving conflicts and tying up loose ends.
- Resolution: Concluding the story and offering closure.
Famous example: The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald
Circular Plot Structure:
In the circular plot structure, the story ends where it began, creating a sense of closure and symmetry. Major elements include:
- Introduction: Establishing the starting point of the story.
- Development: Exploring conflicts and character growth.
- Climax: Reaching a pivotal moment that echoes the beginning.
- Conclusion: Returning to the initial setting or situation, providing a sense of resolution.
Famous example: The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger
Episodic Plot Structure:
Episodic plot structures consist of loosely connected episodes or vignettes, often featuring different characters or settings. Major elements include:
- Episodes: Self-contained segments with their own conflicts and resolutions.
- Themes: Common threads or motifs that link the episodes together.
- Character Arcs: Each episode may contribute to the development of characters or overarching themes.
Famous example: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain
Parallel Plot Structure:
Parallel plot structures involve multiple storylines running concurrently, often intersecting or influencing each other. Major elements include:
- Storylines: Separate narratives following different characters or settings.
- Intersection Points: Moments where the storylines converge or affect each other.
- Resolution: Bringing the various plot threads together for a cohesive conclusion.
Famous example: Cloud Atlas by David Mitchell
In Media Res (Mid-Action) Plot Structure:
In media res, or "in the midst of action," begins the story in the middle of the action, with exposition provided later. Major elements include:
- Immediate Engagement: Immersing readers in the story's action or conflict from the outset.
- Flashbacks or Exposition: Providing backstory and context as the narrative progresses.
- Resolution: Unraveling the initial conflict and concluding the story.
Famous example: The Odyssey by Homer
Nonlinear Plot Structure:
Nonlinear plot structures involve narrative events presented out of chronological order, creating intrigue and complexity. Major elements include:
- Time Jumps: Moving back and forth in time to reveal different facets of the story.
- Puzzling Structure: Keeping readers engaged as they piece together the chronology of events.
- Narrative Threads: Ensuring coherence and clarity amidst the nonlinear storytelling.
Famous example: The Time Traveler’s Wife by Audrey Niffenegger
Quest Plot Structure/Hero's Journey Plot Structure:
The quest plot structure revolves around a central journey or quest undertaken by the protagonist, often involving trials and obstacles. Major elements include:
- Call to Adventure: The protagonist receives a quest or sets out on a journey.
- Challenges: Facing obstacles and adversaries along the way.
- Transformation: Character growth and development resulting from the quest.
- Return: Returning home or completing the quest, often with newfound wisdom or treasure.
Famous example: Lord of the Rings
Framed Narrative Plot Structure:
Framed narratives involve a story within a story, with an overarching frame providing context or commentary. Major elements include:
- Outer Frame: The overarching narrative that contains or frames the inner story.
- Inner Story: The narrative contained within the outer frame, often with its own plot and characters.
- Reflection: The inner story may shed light on themes or conflicts present in the outer frame.
Famous example: The Princess Bride by William Goldman (yes it is also a book!)
Twist Ending Plot Structure:
Twist ending plot structures hinge on unexpected plot twists or revelations that redefine the narrative. Major elements include:
- Setup: Establishing the premise and characters.
- Build-Up: Creating tension and anticipation leading up to the twist.
- Revelation: The unexpected plot twist that challenges readers' expectations.
- Resolution: Recontextualizing the narrative in light of the twist ending.
Famous example: Gone Girl by Gillian Flynn
The world of creative writing is rich with diverse plot structures, each offering its own unique opportunities and challenges. By understanding and experimenting with these 10 common plot structures, writers can breathe new life into their storytelling and captivate readers with compelling narratives that resonate long after the final page. So, whether you're embarking on a new writing project or seeking to infuse fresh energy into your current work, consider exploring the vast landscape of plot structures and unlock the true potential of your creativity.
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